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2. Creation of your first instance

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1. Installation and set-up of a CubicWeb environment

1.1. Installation of Cubicweb and its dependencies

CubicWeb is packaged for Debian and Ubuntu, but can be installed from source using a tarball or the Mercurial version control system.

1.1.1. Debian and Ubuntu packages

Depending on the distribution you are using, add the appropriate line to your list of sources (for example by editing /etc/apt/sources.list).

For Debian Lenny:

deb http://ftp.logilab.org/dists/ lenny/

For Debian Sid:

deb http://ftp.logilab.org/dists/ sid/

For Ubuntu Hardy:

deb http://ftp.logilab.org/dists/ hardy/

You can now install the required packages with the following command:

apt-get update
apt-get install cubicweb cubicweb-dev

cubicweb installs the framework itself, allowing you to create new instances.

cubicweb-dev installs the development environment allowing you to develop new cubes.

There is also a wide variety of cubes listed on the CubicWeb.org Forge available as debian packages and tarball.

The repositories are signed with Logilab’s gnupg key. To avoid warning on “apt-get update”:

  1. become root using sudo
  2. download http://ftp.logilab.org/dists/logilab-dists-key.asc using e.g. wget
  3. run “apt-key add logilab-dists-key.asc”
  4. re-run apt-get update (manually or through the package manager, whichever you prefer)

1.1.2. Install from source

You can download the archive containing the sources from our ftp site at:

http://ftp.logilab.org/pub/cubicweb/

Make sure you have installed the dependencies (see appendixes for the list).

CubicWeb should soon be pip installable, stay tuned (expected in 3.8).

1.1.3. Install from version control system

You can keep up to date with on-going development by using Mercurial and its forest extension:

hg fclone http://www.logilab.org/hg/forests/cubicweb

See Introducing Mercurial for more details about Mercurial.

When cloning a repository, you might be set in a development branch (the ‘default’ branch). You should check that the branches of the repositories are set to ‘stable’ (using hg up stable for each one) if you do not intend to develop the framework itself.

Do not forget to update the forest itself (using cd path/to/forest ; hg up).

Make sure you have installed the dependencies (see appendixes for the list).

1.1.4. Windows installation

1.1.4.1. Base elements

Setting up a windows development environment is not too complicated but requires a series of small steps. What is proposed there is only an example of what can be done. We assume everything goes into C:\ in this document. Adjusting the installation drive should be straightforward.

You should start by downloading and installing the Python(x,y) distribution. It contains python 2.5 plus numerous useful third-party modules and applications:

http://www.pythonxy.com/download_fr.php

At the time of this writting, one gets version 2.1.15. Among the many things provided, one finds Eclipse + pydev (an arguably good IDE for python under windows).

Then you must grab Twisted. There is a windows installer directly available from this page:

http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/

A windows installer for lxml will be found there:

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/lxml/2.2.1

Check out the lxml-2.2.1-win32-py2.5.exe file. More recent bugfix releases should probably work, too.

You should find postgresql 8.4 there:

http://www.enterprisedb.com/products/pgdownload.do#windows

The python drivers for posgtresql are to be found there:

http://www.stickpeople.com/projects/python/win-psycopg/#Version2

Please be careful to select the right python (2.5) and postgres (8.4) versions.

A windows compiled recent version of gettext:

http://ftp.logilab.org/pub/gettext/gettext-0.17-win32-setup.exe

A pre-compiled version of rql for windows (take care of retrieving the most recent version available there):

http://ftp.logilab.org/pub/rql/rql-0.23.0.win32-py2.5.exe

Pyro enables remote access to cubicweb repository instances. Get it there:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyro/files/

To access LDAP/Active directory directories, we need the python-ldap package. Windows binaries are available from:

http://www.osuch.org/python-ldap

Check out the latest release.

Having graphviz will allow schema drawings, which is quite recommended (albeit not mandatory). You should get an msi installer there:

http://www.graphviz.org/Download_windows.php

Simplejson will be provided within the forest, but a win32 compiled version will run much faster:

http://www.osuch.org/python-simplejson%3Awin32

1.1.4.2. Tools

Get mercurial + its standard windows GUI (TortoiseHG) there (the latest is the greatest):

http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/wiki/download

If you need to peruse mercurial over ssh, it can be helpful to get an ssh client like Putty:

http://www.putty.org/

Integration of mercurial and Eclipse is convenient enough that we want it. Instructions are set there, in the Download & Install section:

http://www.vectrace.com/mercurialeclipse/

1.1.4.3. Setting up the sources

You need to enable the mercurial forest extension. To do this, edit the file:

C:\Program Files\TortoiseHg\Mercurial.ini

In the [extensions] section, add the following line:

forest=C:\Program Files\TortoiseHg\ext\forest\forest.py

Now, you need to clone the cubicweb repository. We assume that you use Eclipse. From the IDE, choose File -> Import. In the box, select Mercurial/Clone repository using MercurialEclipse.

In the import main panel you just have to:

Then, click on ‘Finish’. It might take some time to get it all. Note that the cubicwin32 forest contains additional python packages such as yapps, vobject, simplejson and twisted-web2 which are not provided with Python(x,y). This is provided for convenience, as we do not ensure the up-to-dateness of these packages, especially with respect to security fixes.

1.1.4.4. Environment variables

You will need some convenience environment variables once all is set up. These variables are settable through the GUI by getting at the ‘System properties’ window (by righ-clicking on ‘My Computer’ -> properties).

In the ‘advanced’ tab, there is an ‘Environment variables’ button. Click on it. That opens a small window allowing edition of user-related and system-wide variables.

We will consider only user variables. First, the PATH variable. You should ensure it contains, separated by semi-colons, and assuming you are logged in as user Jane:

C:\Documents and Settings\Jane\My Documents\Python\cubicweb\cubicweb\bin
C:\Program Files\Graphviz2.24\bin

The PYTHONPATH variable should also contain:

C:\Documents and Settings\Jane\My Documents\Python\cubicweb\

From now, on a fresh cmd shell, you should be able to type:

cubicweb-ctl list

... and get a meaningful output.

1.1.4.5. Running an instance as a service

This currently assumes that the instances configurations is located at C:\etc\cubicweb.d.

For a cube ‘my_cube’, you will then find C:\etc\cubicweb.d\my_cube\win32svc.py that has to be used thusly:

win32svc install

This should just register your instance as a windows service. A simple:

net start cubicweb-my_cube

should start the service.

1.1.5. Other dependencies

You can also install:

  • pyro if you wish the repository to be accessible through Pyro or if the client and the server are not running on the same machine (in which case the packages will have to be installed on both machines)
  • python-ldap if you plan to use a LDAP source on the server

1.2. Databases configuration

Whatever the backend used, database connection information are stored in the instance’s sources file. Currently cubicweb has been tested using Postgresql (recommanded), MySQL, SQLServer and SQLite.

1.2.1. PostgreSQL configuration

For installation, please refer to the PostgreSQL project online documentation.

You need to install the three following packages: postgresql-8.X, postgresql-client-8.X, and postgresql-plpython-8.X. If you run postgres version prior to 8.3, you’ll also need the postgresql-contrib-8.X package for full-text search extension.

If you run postgres on another host than the CubicWeb repository, you should install the postgresql-client package on the CubicWeb host, and others on the database host.

Note

If you already have an existing cluster and PostgreSQL server running, you do not need to execute the initilization step of your PostgreSQL database unless you want a specific cluster for CubicWeb databases or if your existing cluster doesn’t use the UTF8 encoding (see note below).

  • First, initialize a PostgreSQL cluster with the command initdb.

    $ initdb -E UTF8 -D /path/to/pgsql

    Notice the encoding specification. This is necessary since CubicWeb usually want UTF8 encoded database. If you use a cluster with the wrong encoding, you’ll get error like:

    new encoding (UTF8) is incompatible with the encoding of the template database (SQL_ASCII)
    HINT:  Use the same encoding as in the template database, or use template0 as template.

    Once initialized, start the database server PostgreSQL with the command:

    $ postgres -D /path/to/psql

    If you cannot execute this command due to permission issues, please make sure that your username has write access on the database.

    $ chown username /path/to/pgsql
  • The database authentication can be either set to ident sameuser or md5. If set to md5, make sure to use an existing user of your database. If set to ident sameuser, make sure that your client’s operating system user name has a matching user in the database. If not, please do as follow to create a user:

    $ su
    $ su - postgres
    $ createuser -s -P username

    The option -P (for password prompt), will encrypt the password with the method set in the configuration file pg_hba.conf. If you do not use this option -P, then the default value will be null and you will need to set it with:

    $ su postgres -c "echo ALTER USER username WITH PASSWORD 'userpasswd' | psql"

Note

The authentication method can be configured in file:pg_hba.conf.

The above login/password will be requested when you will create an instance with cubicweb-ctl create to initialize the database of your instance.

Notice that the cubicweb-ctl db-create does database initialization that may requires a postgres superuser. That’s why a login/password is explicitly asked at this step, so you can use there a superuser without using this user when running the instance. Things that require special privileges at this step:

  • database creation, require the ‘create database’ permission
  • install the plpython extension language (require superuser)
  • install the tsearch extension for postgres version prior to 8.3 (require superuser)

To avoid using a super user each time you create an install, a nice trick is to install plpython (and tsearch when needed) on the special template1 database, so they will be installed automatically when cubicweb databases are created without even with needs for special access rights. To do so, run

# Installation of plpythonu language by default ::
$ createlang -U pgadmin plpythonu template1
$ psql -U pgadmin template1
template1=# update pg_language set lanpltrusted=TRUE where lanname='plpythonu';

Where pgadmin is a postgres superuser. The last command is necessary since by default plpython is an ‘untrusted’ language and as such can’t be used by non superuser. This update fix that problem by making it trusted.

To install the tsearch plain-text index extension on postgres prior to 8.3, run:

cat /usr/share/postgresql/8.X/contrib/tsearch2.sql | psql -U username template1

1.2.2. MySql configuration

Yout must add the following lines in /etc/mysql/my.cnf file:

transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
default-storage-engine=INNODB
default-character-set=utf8
max_allowed_packet = 128M

Note

It is unclear whether mysql supports indexed string of arbitrary lenght or not.

1.2.3. SQLServer configuration

As of this writing, sqlserver support is in progress. You should be able to connect, create a database and go quite far, but some of the generated SQL is still currently not accepted by the backend.

The source configuration file may look like this (specific parts only are shown):

[system]
db-driver=sqlserver2005
db-user=someuser
# database password not needed
#db-password=toto123
#db-create/init may ask for a pwd: just say anything
db-extra-arguments=Trusted_Connection
db-encoding=utf8

1.2.4. SQLite configuration

SQLite has the great advantage of requiring almost no configuration. Simply use ‘sqlite’ as db-driver, and set path to the dabase as db-name. Don’t specify anything for db-user and db-password, they will be ignore anyway.

Note

SQLite is great for testing and to play with cubicweb but is not suited for production environments.

1.3. Pyro configuration

If you want to use Pyro to access your instance remotly, or to have multi-source or distributed configuration, it is required to have a name server Pyro running on your network. By by default it is detected by a broadcast request, but you can specify a location in the instance’s configuration file.

To do so, you need to :

  • launch the server manually before starting cubicweb as a server with pyro-nsd start
  • under debian, edit the file /etc/default/pyro-nsd so that the name server pyro will be launched automatically when the machine fire up

1.4. Cubicweb resources configuration

1.4.1. Resource mode

A resource mode is a predifined set of settings for various resources directories, such as cubes, instances, etc. to ease development with the framework. There are two running modes with CubicWeb:

  • ‘user’, resources are searched / created in the user home directory:

    • instances are stored in ~/etc/cubicweb.d
    • temporary files (such as pid file) in /tmp
  • ‘system’, resources are searched / created in the system directories (eg usually requiring root access):

    • instances are stored in <INSTALL_PREFIX>/etc/cubicweb.d
    • temporary files (such as pid file) in /var/run/cubicweb

    where <INSTALL_PREFIX> is the detected installation prefix (‘/usr/local’ for instance).

Notice that each resource path may be explicitly set using an environment variable if the default doesn’t suit your needs. Here are the default resource directories that are affected according to mode:

  • ‘system’:

    CW_INSTANCES_DIR = <INSTALL_PREFIX>/etc/cubicweb.d/
    CW_INSTANCES_DATA_DIR = /var/lib/cubicweb/instances/
    CW_RUNTIME_DIR = /var/run/cubicweb/
  • ‘user’:

    CW_INSTANCES_DIR = ~/etc/cubicweb.d/
    CW_INSTANCES_DATA_DIR = ~/etc/cubicweb.d/
    CW_RUNTIME_DIR = /tmp

Cubes search path is also affected, see the :ref:Cube section.

By default, the mode automatically set to ‘user’ if a .hg directory is found in the cubicweb package, else it’s set to ‘system’. You can force this by setting the CW_MODE environment variable to either ‘user’ or ‘system’ so you can easily:

  • use system wide installation but user specific instances and all, without root privileges on the system (export CW_MODE=user)
  • use local checkout of cubicweb on system wide instances (requires root privileges on the system (export CW_MODE=system)

If you’ve a doubt about the mode you’re currently running, check the first line outputed by the cubicweb-ctl list command.

Also, if cubicweb is a mercurial checkout located in <CW_SOFTWARE_ROOT>:

  • main cubes directory is <CW_SOFTWARE_ROOT>/../cubes. You can specify another one with CW_INSTANCES_DIR environment variable or simply add some other directories by using CW_CUBES_PATH
  • cubicweb migration files are searched in <CW_SOFTWARE_ROOT>/misc/migration instead of <INSTALL_PREFIX>/share/cubicweb/migration/.

1.4.2. Environment configuration

1.4.2.1. Python

If you installed CubicWeb by cloning the Mercurial forest or from source distribution, then you will need to update the environment variable PYTHONPATH by adding the path to the forest cubicweb:

Add the following lines to either .bashrc or .bash_profile to configure your development environment

export PYTHONPATH=/full/path/to/cubicweb-forest

If you installed CubicWeb with packages, no configuration is required and your new cubes will be placed in /usr/share/cubicweb/cubes and your instances will be placed in /etc/cubicweb.d.

1.4.2.2. CubicWeb

Here are all environment variables that may be used to configure CubicWeb:

CW_MODE
Resource mode: user or system, as explained in Resource mode.
CW_CUBES_PATH
Augments the default search path for cubes. You may specify several directories using ‘:’ as separator (‘;’ under windows environment).
CW_INSTANCES_DIR
Directory where cubicweb instances will be found.
CW_INSTANCES_DATA_DIR
Directory where cubicweb instances data will be written (backup file...)
CW_RUNTIME_DIR
Directory where pid files will be written